Advancing technologies: IPAM Toolbox 2.0 for planning and management of Conservation Areas (MCA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71911/cii-p3-nt-2024113Keywords:
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), European Restoration Law, Management of Conservation Areas, management effectiveness, lifecycle of conservation areasAbstract
The paper introduces an online tool for integrated management of conservation areas (CAs). The IPAM Toolbox 2.0 is an interactive web application that enables self-assessment of the planning or management status of a CA.
The toolbox is built upon the framework of the lifecycle of CAs. Accordingly, the lifecycle can be represented in four phases, I Planning and designating a site, II Managing a site for the long term, III Repeal and termination, and IV Management beyond boundaries. The phases can be divided into 29 Fields of Activity (FoAs). This structure is supported by literature and empirical evidence.
Currently, the toolbox is available at the technology readiness level of a demonstrator (TRL 7). It is used for research and educational purposes. In a further step, it will be made available to planners, managers, consultants, and decision-makers in CAs worldwide.
References
[1] IPBES, “The global assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,” IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 2019 [Online]. Available: https://zenodo.org/records/6417333
[2] J. E. M. Watson, R. Venegas-Li, H. Grantham, N. Dudley, S. Stolton, M. Rao, et al., “Priorities for protected area expansion so nations can meet their Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework commitments,” Integrative Conservation, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 140–155, 2023 doi: 10.1002/inc3.24
[3] Protected Planet, “Discover the world’s protected and conserved areas” Accessed: Aug. 30, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.protectedplanet.net/en/
[4] N. Dudley, Ed., Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories Including IUCN WCPA Best Practice Guidance on Recognising Protected Areas and Assigning Management Categories and Governance Types. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 2008
[5] CBD, “Report on the Administration of the Convention on Biological Diversity,” UNEP/CBD/QR/72, 2020 [Online]. Available: https://www.cbd.int/doc/quarterly/qr-72-en.pdf
[6] L. V. Zanjani, H. Govan, H. C. Jonas, T. Karfakis, D. M. Mwamidi, J. Stewart, et al., “Territories of life as key to global environmental sustainability,” Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain., vol. 63, p. 101298, 2023 doi: 10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101298
[7] IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs, Recognising and Reporting Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 2019 Accessed: Aug. 30, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/PATRS-003-En.pdf
[8] UNEP-WCMC, “Supporting indigenous peoples’ and local communities’ contribution to conservation” Accessed: Aug. 30, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.unep-wcmc.org/en/news/supporting-indigenous-peoples-and-local-communities
[9] D. Clamote Rodrigues and T. Schaaf, Managing MIDAs: Harmonising the Management of Multi-Internationally Designated Areas: Ramsar Sites, World Heritage Sites, Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 2016
[10] F. Ekardt, P. Günther, K. Hagemann, B. Garske, K. Heyl, and R. Weyland, “Legally binding and ambitious biodiversity protection under the CBD, the Global Biodiversity Framework, and human rights law,” Environ. Sci. Eur., vol. 35, no. 1, p. 80, 2023 doi: 10.1186/s12302-023-00786-5
[11] A. Hughes and R. E. Grumbine, “The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: What it does and does not do, and how to improve it,” Front. Environ. Sci., vol. 11, p. 1281536, 2023 doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1281536
[12] European Commission, EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030: Bringing Nature Back Into Our Lives. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021
[13] F. Buschke, C. Capitani, E. H. Sow, Y. Khaemba, B. A. Kaplin, A. Skowno, et al., “Make global biodiversity information useful to national decision-makers,” Nat. Ecol. Evol., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1953–1956, 2023 doi: 10.1038/s41559-023-02226-2
[14] J. Wagner, M. Jungmeier, M. Kühmaier, I. Velik, H. Kirchmeir, and D. Zollner, IPAM Toolbox. Integrative Protected Area Management—An Expert System for the Integrative Planning and Management of Protected Areas. Klagenfurt, Austria: Office of the Carinthian Government, 2005
[15] IUCN, Guidance for Using the IUCN Global Standard for Nature-Based Solutions: A User-Friendly Framework for the Verification, Design and Scaling Up of Nature-Based Solutions. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, 2020 Accessed: Dec. 3, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2020-021-En.pdf
[16] M. Jungmeier, S. Wagenleitner, and D. Zollner, PANet 2010. Protected Area Networks: A Handbook. Technical Report of the Pilot Actions Within the Interreg III B CADSES Project PANet. Klagenfurt, Austria, 2008
[17] M. Jungmeier, “In transit towards a third generation of protected areas? Analysis of disciplines, forming principles and fields of activities by example of recent projects in protected areas in Austria,” Int. J. Sustain. Soc., vol. 6, nos. 1–2, pp. 47–59, 2014 doi: 10.1504/IJSSOC.2014.057889
[18] M. Jungmeier, “Integriertes Management von Schutzgebieten: Beiträge zu Konzept, Prinzipien, Expertensystem und ausgewählten Instrumenten,” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, 2010
[19] M. Jungmeier, N. Y. Arpa, and P. Pechacek, The Guidelines for Protected Area Management Planning. Conservation and Sustainable Management of Turkey’s Steppe Ecosystems Project. Ankara, Türkiye: FAO; MAF, 2022
[20] M. Jungmeier, N. Y. Arpa, and P. Pechacek, The Guidelines for Establishing Protected Areas. Conservation and Sustainable Management of Turkey’s Steppe Ecosystems Project. Ankara, Türkiye: FAO; MAF, 2022
[21] BIOPAMA, “IMET, the Integrated Management Effectiveness Tool: From knowledge to action for a protected planet” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://biopama.org/service/assessment-tools-and-their-application/
[22] IUCN, “New edition: Protected Area Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT)” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.iucn.org/news/commission-environmental-economic-and-social-policy/202101/new-edition-protected-area-management-effectiveness-tracking-tool-mett
[23] J. Ervin, “Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) Methodology,” WWF, 2003 [Online]. Available: https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/rappam.pdf
[24] R. S. Pomeroy, L. M. Watson, J. E. Parks, and G. A. Cid, “How is your MPA doing? A methodology for evaluating the management effectiveness of marine protected areas,” Ocean Coast. Manage., vol. 48, nos. 7–8, pp. 485–502, 2005 doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.05.004
[25] UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, and IUCN, “Urban heritage for resilience: Consolidated results of the implementation of the 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape; 3rd Member States Consultation,” 2023
[26] UNESCO, “UNESCO training on visitor management and community participation in tourism and heritage for Latin America and the Caribbean begins in Mexico,” Jun. 21, 2024 Accessed: Aug. 30, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-training-visitor-management-and-community-participation-tourism-and-heritage-latin-america
[27] V. Kapos, A. Balmford, R. Aveling, P. Bubb, P. Carey, A. Entwistle, et al., “Calibrating conservation: New tools for measuring success,” Conserv. Lett., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 155–164, 2008 doi: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00025.x
[28] Miradi, “Miradi Share 2.0” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.miradishare.org/ux/home
[29] Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), “MEPCA indicator” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://jncc.gov.uk/our-work/mepca-indicator/
[30] IUCN, “IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.iucn.org/resources/conservation-tool/iucn-green-list-protected-and-conserved-areas
[31] IIED, “Site-level assessment of governance and equity (SAGE)” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.iied.org/site-level-assessment-governance-equity-sage
[32] IIED, “Assessing social impacts of protected and conserved areas (SAPA)” Accessed: Mar. 12, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.iied.org/assessing-social-impacts-protected-conserved-areas-sapa
[33] IIED, “Assessing governance at protected and conserved areas (GAPA)” Accessed: Mar. 7, 2024 [Online]. Available: https://www.iied.org/assessing-governance-protected-conserved-areas-gapa
[34] M. Jungmeier, V. Berger, H. Kirchmeir, D. Strelnikova, and E. Wiegele, “Conceptualizing the management of conservation areas: The launch of IPAM Toolbox 2.0,” in Forum Alpinum, Kranjska Gora, Slovenia, 2024, p. 50 [Online]. Available: https://forumalpinum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ForumAlpinum_2024_Preliminary_conference_booklet.pdf
[35] M. Jungmeier, “Planning, managing and evaluation of conservation areas. The handbook—A toolkit for professionals. Living document, version 1.0. FoAs (Fields of Activities)—A framework on MCA, FoAs and phases” [Online]. Available: https://ipam.mca.tools/
[36] S. Qin, et al., “Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement as a threat to iconic protected areas,” Conserv. Biol., vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1275–1285, 2019 doi: 10.1111/cobi.13365
[37] J. Li, A. Stoffelen, and F. Vanclay, “A conceptual framework and research method for understanding protected area governance: Varying approaches and epistemic worldviews about human–nature relations,” J. Environ. Plan. Manage., vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 1393–1412, 2023 doi: 10.1080/09640568.2022.2034605
[38] B. Bobowski and M. Fiege, “Elegant conservation: Reimagining protected area stewardship in the 21st century,” Ecol. Soc., vol. 28, no. 1, Art. no. 25, 2023 doi: 10.5751/ES-13788-280125
[39] B. Büscher and R. Fletcher, The Conservation Revolution: Radical Ideas for Saving Nature Beyond the Anthropocene. London, U.K., and New York, NY, USA: Verso, 2020
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Carinthia II / Part 3 - Carinthia Nature Tech

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.